{
  "edition": "Modern midterms 1934–2022; 2026 pending",
  "asOf": "2026-11-01",
  "method": "For every completed row, House change equals the president’s party seats in the House Historian initial-election division for the following Congress minus that source’s division from the preceding presidential-election year. It is not a pre-election membership count, election-night tally, conventional net swing, or a calculation of seats flipped. Senate data identify organized control before the election and in the following Congress; no Senate numeric delta is inferred from seating snapshots.",
  "controlOutcomeLabels": {
    "retained": "Retained majority",
    "lost": "Lost majority",
    "gained": "Gained majority",
    "no_majority": "No majority before or after",
    "pending": "Pending"
  },
  "termConvention": "termLabel is authoritative display text. Numeric term counts succession terms; use First elected term for Truman 1950 and Johnson 1966, and Succession term for Truman 1946/Ford 1974.",
  "frozenPanelWarning": "Do not modify the existing 12-row Clerk-based comparison. The new edition uses House Historian consistently. Carter 1978 and other archival source differences mean headline net changes cannot be substituted or compared without the methodology label.",
  "rows": [
    {
      "year": 1934,
      "president": "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1932,
      "baselineCongress": 73,
      "followingCongress": 74,
      "houseBefore": 313,
      "houseAfter": 322,
      "houseDelta": 9,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "retained",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "retained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "Senate control is organizational, not a subtraction of seating snapshots."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 73 and Congress 74 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 74 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1938,
      "president": "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 2,
      "termLabel": "Second term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1936,
      "baselineCongress": 75,
      "followingCongress": 76,
      "houseBefore": 334,
      "houseAfter": 262,
      "houseDelta": -72,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "retained",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "retained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 75 and Congress 76 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 76 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1942,
      "president": "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 3,
      "termLabel": "Third term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1940,
      "baselineCongress": 77,
      "followingCongress": 78,
      "houseBefore": 267,
      "houseAfter": 222,
      "houseDelta": -45,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "retained",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "retained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 77 and Congress 78 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 78 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1946,
      "president": "Harry S. Truman",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "Succession term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1944,
      "baselineCongress": 79,
      "followingCongress": 80,
      "houseBefore": 244,
      "houseAfter": 188,
      "houseDelta": -56,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "R",
      "houseOutcome": "lost",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "R",
      "senateOutcome": "lost",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "Truman succeeded Roosevelt in 1945; the baseline election was 1944."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 79 and Congress 80 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 80 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1950,
      "president": "Harry S. Truman",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 2,
      "termLabel": "First elected term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1948,
      "baselineCongress": 81,
      "followingCongress": 82,
      "houseBefore": 263,
      "houseAfter": 235,
      "houseDelta": -28,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "retained",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "retained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 81 and Congress 82 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 82 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1954,
      "president": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
      "party": "R",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1952,
      "baselineCongress": 83,
      "followingCongress": 84,
      "houseBefore": 221,
      "houseAfter": 203,
      "houseDelta": -18,
      "houseControlBefore": "R",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "lost",
      "senateControlBefore": "R",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "lost",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "Republicans organized the 83rd Senate with Independent Wayne Morse and retained control despite membership changes. In the 84th, Morse and Strom Thurmond caucused with Democrats."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 83 and Congress 84 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 84 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1958,
      "president": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
      "party": "R",
      "term": 2,
      "termLabel": "Second term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1956,
      "baselineCongress": 85,
      "followingCongress": 86,
      "houseBefore": 203,
      "houseAfter": 153,
      "houseDelta": -50,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "House size changed: Alaska entered at the start of the 86th Congress; Hawaii followed later. This is an absolute seat comparison."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 85 and Congress 86 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 86 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1962,
      "president": "John F. Kennedy",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1960,
      "baselineCongress": 87,
      "followingCongress": 88,
      "houseBefore": 264,
      "houseAfter": 258,
      "houseDelta": -6,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "retained",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "retained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "House size declined from 437 to 435. This source reports Democrats at 264 then 258; other official compilations can differ."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 87 and Congress 88 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 88 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1966,
      "president": "Lyndon B. Johnson",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 2,
      "termLabel": "First elected term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1964,
      "baselineCongress": 89,
      "followingCongress": 90,
      "houseBefore": 295,
      "houseAfter": 248,
      "houseDelta": -47,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "retained",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "retained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "Johnson succeeded Kennedy in 1963; this midterm followed Johnson’s 1964 election."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 89 and Congress 90 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 90 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1970,
      "president": "Richard Nixon",
      "party": "R",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1968,
      "baselineCongress": 91,
      "followingCongress": 92,
      "houseBefore": 192,
      "houseAfter": 180,
      "houseDelta": -12,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 91 and Congress 92 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 92 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1974,
      "president": "Gerald Ford",
      "party": "R",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "Succession term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1972,
      "baselineCongress": 93,
      "followingCongress": 94,
      "houseBefore": 192,
      "houseAfter": 144,
      "houseDelta": -48,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "Ford succeeded Nixon in 1974; the baseline election was 1972. The following Senate had a contested New Hampshire seat."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 93 and Congress 94 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 94 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1978,
      "president": "Jimmy Carter",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1976,
      "baselineCongress": 95,
      "followingCongress": 96,
      "houseBefore": 292,
      "houseAfter": 278,
      "houseDelta": -14,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "retained",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "retained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "House Historian: 292 to 278 (-14). The frozen Clerk-based comparison uses 292 to 277 (-15); these are distinct source editions."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 95 and Congress 96 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 96 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1982,
      "president": "Ronald Reagan",
      "party": "R",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1980,
      "baselineCongress": 97,
      "followingCongress": 98,
      "houseBefore": 192,
      "houseAfter": 166,
      "houseDelta": -26,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateControlBefore": "R",
      "senateControlAfter": "R",
      "senateOutcome": "retained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 97 and Congress 98 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 98 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1986,
      "president": "Ronald Reagan",
      "party": "R",
      "term": 2,
      "termLabel": "Second term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1984,
      "baselineCongress": 99,
      "followingCongress": 100,
      "houseBefore": 181,
      "houseAfter": 177,
      "houseDelta": -4,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateControlBefore": "R",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "lost",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "Historian baseline: 181 Republican seats plus one vacancy in the 99th Congress. Do not replace with the Clerk table’s 182."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 99 and Congress 100 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 100 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1990,
      "president": "George H. W. Bush",
      "party": "R",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1988,
      "baselineCongress": 101,
      "followingCongress": 102,
      "houseBefore": 175,
      "houseAfter": 167,
      "houseDelta": -8,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 101 and Congress 102 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 102 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1994,
      "president": "Bill Clinton",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1992,
      "baselineCongress": 103,
      "followingCongress": 104,
      "houseBefore": 258,
      "houseAfter": 204,
      "houseDelta": -54,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "R",
      "houseOutcome": "lost",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "R",
      "senateOutcome": "lost",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 103 and Congress 104 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 104 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "president": "Bill Clinton",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 2,
      "termLabel": "Second term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 1996,
      "baselineCongress": 105,
      "followingCongress": 106,
      "houseBefore": 207,
      "houseAfter": 211,
      "houseDelta": 4,
      "houseControlBefore": "R",
      "houseControlAfter": "R",
      "houseOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateControlBefore": "R",
      "senateControlAfter": "R",
      "senateOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 105 and Congress 106 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 106 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "president": "George W. Bush",
      "party": "R",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 2000,
      "baselineCongress": 107,
      "followingCongress": 108,
      "houseBefore": 221,
      "houseAfter": 229,
      "houseDelta": 8,
      "houseControlBefore": "R",
      "houseControlAfter": "R",
      "houseOutcome": "retained",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "R",
      "senateOutcome": "gained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "The 2000 Senate election yielded 50–50: Gore initially broke ties, then Cheney. Jeffords’ June 2001 change gave Democrats control. Republicans regained control after the 2002 election."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 107 and Congress 108 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 108 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "president": "George W. Bush",
      "party": "R",
      "term": 2,
      "termLabel": "Second term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 2004,
      "baselineCongress": 109,
      "followingCongress": 110,
      "houseBefore": 232,
      "houseAfter": 202,
      "houseDelta": -30,
      "houseControlBefore": "R",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "lost",
      "senateControlBefore": "R",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "lost",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "Democratic Senate control includes both non-Democratic senators caucusing with Democrats."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 109 and Congress 110 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 110 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "president": "Barack Obama",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 2008,
      "baselineCongress": 111,
      "followingCongress": 112,
      "houseBefore": 257,
      "houseAfter": 193,
      "houseDelta": -64,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "R",
      "houseOutcome": "lost",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "retained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "Senate control includes Democratic caucus partners. No numeric Senate change is calculated from start-of-Congress totals."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 111 and Congress 112 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 112 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "president": "Barack Obama",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 2,
      "termLabel": "Second term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 2012,
      "baselineCongress": 113,
      "followingCongress": 114,
      "houseBefore": 201,
      "houseAfter": 188,
      "houseDelta": -13,
      "houseControlBefore": "R",
      "houseControlAfter": "R",
      "houseOutcome": "no_majority",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "R",
      "senateOutcome": "lost",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 113 and Congress 114 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 114 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "president": "Donald Trump",
      "party": "R",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 2016,
      "baselineCongress": 115,
      "followingCongress": 116,
      "houseBefore": 241,
      "houseAfter": 199,
      "houseDelta": -42,
      "houseControlBefore": "R",
      "houseControlAfter": "D",
      "houseOutcome": "lost",
      "senateControlBefore": "R",
      "senateControlAfter": "R",
      "senateOutcome": "retained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "House Historian leaves NC-09 uncertified at the opening of the following Congress. No later special-election result is substituted."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 115 and Congress 116 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 116 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "president": "Joe Biden",
      "party": "D",
      "term": 1,
      "termLabel": "First term",
      "status": "complete",
      "baselineElectionYear": 2020,
      "baselineCongress": 117,
      "followingCongress": 118,
      "houseBefore": 222,
      "houseAfter": 213,
      "houseDelta": -9,
      "houseControlBefore": "D",
      "houseControlAfter": "R",
      "houseOutcome": "lost",
      "senateControlBefore": "D",
      "senateControlAfter": "D",
      "senateOutcome": "retained",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "The 2020 House baseline leaves NY-22 uncertified at the opening of the 117th Congress. Senate control includes the three Independents caucusing with Democrats in the 118th; it is not a claim of 51 elected Democrats. The preceding Senate majority also depended on Democratic caucus partners and Vice President Harris’s tie-breaking vote."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "Congress 117 and Congress 118 rows"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "Congress 118 and preceding-Congress entries/footnotes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": 2026,
      "president": "Donald Trump",
      "party": "R",
      "term": 2,
      "termLabel": "Second term (nonconsecutive)",
      "status": "pending",
      "baselineElectionYear": 2024,
      "baselineCongress": 119,
      "followingCongress": 120,
      "houseBefore": 220,
      "houseAfter": null,
      "houseDelta": null,
      "houseControlBefore": "R",
      "houseControlAfter": null,
      "houseOutcome": "pending",
      "senateControlBefore": "R",
      "senateControlAfter": null,
      "senateOutcome": "pending",
      "senateDelta": null,
      "notes": [
        "Pending as of November 1, 2026 (KST). The baseline is the 2024 initial-election division, not a live membership count."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "house-historian",
          "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
          "locator": "119th Congress row"
        },
        {
          "id": "senate-party-division",
          "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
          "locator": "119th Congress"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "asOfTimeZone": "Asia/Seoul",
  "sourceReviewedDate": "2026-10-31",
  "sourceReviewedTimeZone": "UTC",
  "version": "v1",
  "manifestUrl": "/data/midterms/v1/edition.json",
  "nextElectionDate": "2026-11-03",
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "house-historian",
      "title": "House Historian: Party Divisions of the House of Representatives",
      "url": "https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/",
      "locator": "73rd through 119th Congress rows and notes; initial election results"
    },
    {
      "id": "senate-party-division",
      "title": "U.S. Senate: Party Division",
      "url": "https://www.senate.gov/about/parties-leadership/party-division.shtml",
      "locator": "73rd through 119th Congress entries and organization/caucus footnotes"
    },
    {
      "id": "fec-election-dates",
      "title": "FEC: Election results and voting information",
      "url": "https://www.fec.gov/introduction-campaign-finance/election-results-and-voting-information/",
      "locator": "Next regular federal general election: Tuesday, November 3, 2026; official results and certification guidance"
    }
  ]
}