[1] U.S. Department of State · Office of the Historian
September 9, 1983 covering memorandum; attachment undated
Printed p. 278 · START Discussion Paper · II.B, Basic Build-Down Position.
Contemporary U.S. official figures. The attachment distinguishes actual deployed ballistic-missile warheads from treaty-accountable warheads.
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There is an apparent contradiction between the actual deployed warhead figures we have used (7,300 for the US and 7,900 for the Soviets) and the accountable warheads on which the build-down would be based (8,800 on both sides).
[2] Congressional Research Service · estimates by FAS
June 4, 2021 · cited estimate updated May 2021
Printed p. 37 · footnote 209 (inventory pair); footnote 213 (definition differences).
Federation of American Scientists estimates reproduced by CRS. The reproduction was verified; CRS does not reproduce the complete underlying inventory or readiness dictionary.
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The Federation of American Scientists estimates the following total nuclear warhead inventories for regional nuclear powers: United States (5,500 warheads), Russia (6,257 warheads), China (350), India (160), Pakistan (165), and North Korea (45).
[3] Congressional Research Service · estimate attributed to DoD
July 22, 2026 publication update · observation date unspecified
Page 2 · nuclear-force bullet.
CRS republication of a Department of Defense estimate. The bullet gives neither the estimate’s observation date nor a matching U.S. figure.
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An expanding and diversifying nuclear force, featuring a nascent nuclear triad (the ability to launch nuclear weapons from land-, sea-, and air-based platforms) and, according to DOD, an estimated nuclear warhead stockpile ‘in the low 600s,’ estimated to exceed 1,000 warheads by 2030.
[4] Congressional Research Service
September 27, 2018
Printed pp. 5–7 · Limits on Warheads.
Explanation of START and New START counting rules in this dated report; not a statement about the treaty’s current legal status.
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The number of warheads attributed to each missile or bomber was the same for all missiles and bombers of that type. It did not recognize different loadings on individual delivery vehicles.
[5] U.S. Bureau of the Census
1991 edition · information available as of mid-1989
Table 1434 · printed pp. 830–832; U.S. and USSR rows on p. 832 (PDF p. 97) · 1990 midyear population column, in thousands.
Census Bureau International Data Base estimates. Printed values of 250,410 and 290,938 are multiplied by 1,000 here; the U.S. value is not the April 1 decennial census count.
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Population data generally are de facto figures for the present territory. Population estimates were derived from information available as of mid-1989.
[6] U.S. Census Bureau
Accessed October 6, 2026 · projected to July 1, 2026
Most Populous Countries · China and United States rows; adjacent projection note.
The fixed-date country table, not the continuously moving clock. China: 1,405,918,803; United States: 342,620,143. These are projections, not completed census counts.
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Populations shown for the Most Populous Countries and on the world map are projected to July 1, 2026.
[7] U.S. Census Bureau
Page revised January 26, 2026 · International Database vintage 2025
World Population Clock methodology · underlying estimates and projections.
Projections use census, survey and vital-statistics estimates with assumed fertility, mortality and migration. Displayed digits do not imply exact knowledge.
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Population estimates and projections are based on census, survey, vital statistics, and other data.
